South Carolina’s long growing season allows for multiple collard plantings from late summer into fall. Knowing exactly When To Plant Collards In Sc is the key to a bumper crop of these nutrient-packed greens. Whether you are a seasoned gardener or a beginner, timing your planting right ensures you get tender leaves before the first hard freeze.
Collards thrive in cool weather, which makes South Carolina’s climate ideal for both spring and fall harvests. The state’s mild winters mean you can often enjoy fresh collards well into December or even January. This guide breaks down the best planting windows, soil prep, and care tips so you can grow collards like a pro.
When To Plant Collards In Sc
The exact timing depends on your region within South Carolina. The state spans USDA hardiness zones 7a to 8b, with the Upstate being cooler and the Lowcountry warmer. For a fall crop, plant collards 6 to 8 weeks before the first expected frost. In most of SC, that means sowing seeds or setting out transplants from mid-August through early September.
For a spring harvest, plant collards 2 to 4 weeks before the last spring frost. In the Upstate, that is typically mid-March to early April. In the Lowcountry, you can plant as early as late February. The key is to avoid extreme heat, which makes collards bitter and tough.
Fall Planting Window
Fall is the prime season for collards in South Carolina. The cooler temperatures bring out their sweet, mild flavor. Here is the breakdown by region:
- Upstate (Zone 7a-7b): Plant from August 15 to September 15. First frost usually arrives in mid-October to early November.
- Midlands (Zone 8a): Plant from August 20 to September 20. First frost is typically late October to mid-November.
- Lowcountry (Zone 8b): Plant from September 1 to October 1. First frost often does not arrive until late November or December.
If you plant too early in the heat, collards may bolt or become tough. If you plant too late, they may not mature before a hard freeze. Aim for at least 60 days of cool growing weather before the first killing frost.
Spring Planting Window
Spring collards are possible but require careful timing. They need cool soil and air temperatures to germinate and grow well. Plant as soon as the soil can be worked in early spring.
- Upstate: Plant from March 15 to April 15. Last frost is usually around April 10-15.
- Midlands: Plant from March 1 to April 1. Last frost is typically late March to early April.
- Lowcountry: Plant from February 15 to March 15. Last frost is usually mid-February to early March.
Spring-planted collards will be ready to harvest in late spring or early summer. However, they may become bitter as temperatures rise above 80°F. For best results, choose heat-tolerant varieties like ‘Georgia’ or ‘Morris Heading’ for spring planting.
Choosing The Right Collard Varieties
Not all collards are the same. Some are better suited for South Carolina’s climate than others. Here are top picks for the state:
- Georgia Southern: A classic heirloom that handles heat and cold well. It produces large, tender leaves.
- Morris Heading: A compact variety that forms a loose head. It is very cold-tolerant and great for fall.
- Champion: A fast-growing variety that stays tender even in warm weather. Ideal for spring planting.
- Flash: A hybrid that matures in just 55 days. Perfect for a quick fall crop.
- Top Bunch: A disease-resistant variety with dark green, savoyed leaves. Good for both seasons.
Choose a variety that matches your planting window and taste preferences. Heirlooms often have more flavor, while hybrids may offer better disease resistance.
Preparing Your Soil For Collards
Collards grow best in rich, well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. Before planting, test your soil and amend it as needed. Here is a step-by-step guide:
- Test soil pH: Use a home test kit or send a sample to your local extension office. If pH is below 6.0, add lime to raise it.
- Add organic matter: Mix in 2 to 3 inches of compost or well-rotted manure. This improves drainage and fertility.
- Apply fertilizer: Use a balanced fertilizer like 10-10-10 at a rate of 1 to 2 pounds per 100 square feet. Work it into the top 6 inches of soil.
- Ensure drainage: Collards do not like wet feet. If your soil is heavy clay, consider raised beds or mounded rows.
Proper soil preparation gives your collards a strong start. It also reduces the need for frequent fertilizing later in the season.
How To Plant Collards
You can start collards from seeds or transplants. Seeds are cheaper and offer more variety, but transplants give you a head start. Here is how to do both:
Planting From Seeds
- Sow seeds ¼ to ½ inch deep in rows spaced 18 to 24 inches apart.
- Thin seedlings to 12 to 18 inches apart once they have 2 to 3 true leaves.
- Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged during germination. Seeds sprout in 5 to 10 days.
- For fall planting, sow seeds directly in the garden. For spring, you can start seeds indoors 4 to 6 weeks before the last frost.
Planting Transplants
- Set transplants at the same depth they were growing in their pots.
- Space plants 12 to 18 inches apart in rows 18 to 24 inches apart.
- Water thoroughly after planting to settle the soil around the roots.
- Apply a starter fertilizer high in phosphorus to encourage root growth.
Transplants are ideal for fall planting because they save time. You can buy them at garden centers or start your own indoors.
Caring For Your Collards
Collards are relatively low-maintenance, but they do need consistent care. Follow these tips for a healthy crop:
Watering
Collards need about 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week. Water deeply and infrequently to encourage deep root growth. Use drip irrigation or soaker hoses to keep the leaves dry and prevent disease. During dry spells, check soil moisture regularly.
Fertilizing
Collards are heavy feeders. Side-dress with nitrogen-rich fertilizer every 3 to 4 weeks. Use a balanced fertilizer like 10-10-10 or a liquid fish emulsion. Apply it along the sides of the rows and water it in. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can cause lush growth that attracts pests.
Mulching
Apply a 2 to 3 inch layer of organic mulch around your plants. Straw, shredded leaves, or grass clippings work well. Mulch conserves moisture, suppresses weeds, and keeps soil temperatures stable. It also reduces the need for frequent watering.
Pest And Disease Control
Common pests in South Carolina include aphids, cabbage worms, and flea beetles. Here is how to manage them:
- Aphids: Spray with a strong stream of water or use insecticidal soap.
- Cabbage worms: Handpick them or use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spray.
- Flea beetles: Use row covers early in the season or apply diatomaceous earth.
Diseases like clubroot and downy mildew can be prevented by rotating crops and ensuring good air circulation. Avoid planting collards where other brassicas grew in the past 3 years.
Harvesting Collards
Collards are ready to harvest 60 to 80 days after planting, depending on the variety. You can start picking outer leaves when they are about 8 to 10 inches long. Leave the inner leaves to continue growing. This method gives you a continuous harvest for weeks.
For the best flavor, harvest after a light frost. The cold converts starches to sugars, making the leaves sweeter. Use sharp scissors or a knife to cut leaves at the base. Rinse them thoroughly and store in the refrigerator for up to a week.
If you planted in fall, you can often harvest through winter in the Lowcountry. In the Upstate, protect plants with row covers or cold frames to extend the season. Collards can survive temperatures down to about 20°F.
Common Mistakes To Avoid
Even experienced gardeners make errors with collards. Here are pitfalls to watch out for:
- Planting too late in fall: If you wait until October, your collards may not mature before a hard freeze.
- Overcrowding: Thin seedlings properly. Crowded plants produce smaller leaves and are more prone to disease.
- Neglecting water: Collards need consistent moisture. Drought stress makes leaves tough and bitter.
- Skipping soil test: Without knowing your pH, you may end up with poor growth or nutrient deficiencies.
- Ignoring pests: Check your plants weekly for signs of insects. Early intervention prevents major damage.
By avoiding these mistakes, you will have a much better chance of a successful crop.
Extending The Growing Season
South Carolina’s mild climate allows for season extension techniques. Here are ways to keep your collards producing longer:
- Row covers: Use lightweight fabric to protect plants from light frosts and pests. They can add 2 to 4 weeks to your harvest.
- Cold frames: Build a simple wooden frame with a glass or plastic top. This creates a mini-greenhouse that traps heat.
- Mulch heavily: A thick layer of straw or leaves insulates the soil and roots from cold snaps.
- Choose cold-tolerant varieties: ‘Morris Heading’ and ‘Georgia Southern’ are known for their cold hardiness.
With these methods, you can often harvest collards into January or February in the Lowcountry. Even in the Upstate, you might get a few extra weeks of fresh greens.
Companion Planting For Collards
Collards grow well with certain plants and poorly with others. Here are good companions:
- Beets: They do not compete for nutrients and help shade the soil.
- Onions: Their strong scent repels pests like aphids and cabbage worms.
- Potatoes: They have different root depths and do not compete.
- Herbs: Dill, rosemary, and sage attract beneficial insects.
Avoid planting collards near other brassicas like broccoli, cauliflower, or kale. They share the same pests and diseases, which can spread quickly. Also, keep them away from strawberries and tomatoes, which can stunt their growth.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I plant collards in the summer in South Carolina?
Summer planting is not recommended because heat causes collards to become bitter and bolt. Stick to late summer for fall crops or early spring for spring crops.
How long do collards take to grow from seed?
Collards take 60 to 80 days from seed to harvest, depending on the variety. ‘Flash’ matures in 55 days, while ‘Georgia Southern’ may take 75 to 80 days.
Do collards need full sun?
Yes, collards grow best in full sun, meaning at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. They can tolerate partial shade, but yields will be lower.
What is the best fertilizer for collards?
A balanced fertilizer like 10-10-10 works well. For organic options, use compost tea or fish emulsion. Side-dress with nitrogen every 3 to 4 weeks.
Can I grow collards in containers?
Yes, collards can grow in containers that are at least 12 inches deep and wide. Use a high-quality potting mix and water frequently. Dwarf varieties like ‘Champion’ are best for containers.
Final Tips For Success
Growing collards in South Carolina is rewarding and relatively easy if you time it right. Remember these key points:
- Plant fall crops from mid-August to early October, depending on your zone.
- Plant spring crops from late February to mid-April, again based on your location.
- Prepare your soil with compost and balanced fertilizer.
- Water consistently and watch for pests.
- Harvest outer leaves regularly to encourage new growth.
With a little planning, you can enjoy fresh collards from your garden for months. They are packed with vitamins A, C, and K, plus fiber and calcium. Whether you cook them with ham hocks, garlic, or vinegar, homegrown collards taste far better than store-bought.
So get your garden ready and plant at the right time. Your taste buds—and your health—will thank you. Happy gardening in the Palmetto State!