Philodendron swiss cheese and monstera adansonii share similar holes, but their leaf shapes, growth habits, and stem structures reveal clear differences. If you have been staring at plant photos online, you are not alone in mixing these two up. Both plants have fenestrations, which are those lovely splits and holes, but they are not even in the same plant family. Let’s break down exactly how to tell them apart so you can buy the right one with confidence.
The quickest way to know what you own is to look at the stem. A true Monstera adansonii has a smooth stem with a small bump or ridge where the leaf attaches. A philodendron swiss cheese plant, which is usually a Philodendron bipinnatifidum or a similar cultivar, will have a more textured, rough stem. This one detail changes everything about how you care for them.
Philodendron Swiss Cheese Vs Monstera Adansonii
Before we get into the deep details, you should know that the term “philodendron swiss cheese” is often a nickname. It is not a formal botanical name. People use it for any philodendron that shows holes. Meanwhile, Monstera adansonii is a specific species. This is why the comparison gets messy in nurseries and online shops.
We are going to look at leaf texture, growth direction, root systems, and even how they climb. By the end of this guide, you will be able to identify both plants at a glance. You will also know which one fits your home environment better.
Leaf Shape And Texture Differences
Hold a leaf from each plant side by side. The Monstera adansonii leaf is usually thinner, softer, and has a more oval or heart-like shape. The holes are often larger and more elongated. They look like slits that have been punched out, and they reach close to the edge of the leaf.
Philodendron swiss cheese leaves are often thicker and more leathery. They tend to be more elongated and arrow-shaped. The holes are usually smaller and rounder, and they do not reach the edge as often. Also, the philodendron leaf base is typically more flat or straight across, while the monstera has a distinct notch at the base.
- Monstera adansonii: Thin, soft, oval leaves, large elongated holes, notched base.
- Philodendron swiss cheese: Thick, leathery, arrow-shaped leaves, smaller round holes, flat base.
Another trick is to feel the leaf surface. Monstera leaves have a matte finish. Philodendron leaves often have a slight shine or gloss. If you run your finger across the leaf, the philodendron will feel more waxy.
Growth Habit And Climbing Style
Both plants are climbers in the wild, but they climb differently. Monstera adansonii is a vigorous viner. It will send out long, trailing stems that can easily reach several feet. It loves to attach itself to a moss pole or a wall. The internodes, which are the spaces between leaves, are often longer on a monstera.
Philodendron swiss cheese plants are also climbers, but they have a more compact growth habit. They tend to stay bushier, especially when they are young. The stems are sturdier and do not vine out as wildly. If you do not give them a pole, they will start to sprawl, but they will not trail as gracefully as a monstera.
For a hanging basket, a Monstera adansonii is the better choice. For a tabletop plant that you want to stay neat, the philodendron is easier to manage.
Stem Structure And Aerial Roots
This is the most reliable way to tell them apart. Look at the stem where the leaf meets the main vine. On a Monstera adansonii, you will see a small, thin, papery sheath. This is called a cataphyll. It dries up and falls off as the leaf matures. The stem itself is smooth and green.
On a philodendron swiss cheese, the stem is rough and has a scaly appearance. It looks a bit like a tree trunk. The leaf stems, or petioles, are also thicker and more rigid. Philodendrons do not have the papery sheath that monstera plants have.
- Check the stem texture: smooth (Monstera) vs. rough (Philodendron).
- Look for a dried papery sheath: present on Monstera, absent on Philodendron.
- Feel the petioles: thin and flexible (Monstera) vs. thick and stiff (Philodendron).
Aerial roots are also different. Monstera adansonii produces thick, woody aerial roots that will grab onto anything. Philodendron roots are thinner and more numerous, but they are not as aggressive.
Fenestrations: Why Holes Appear
The holes on both plants are called fenestrations. They are not random damage. In the wild, these holes allow light to pass through to the lower leaves. They also help the plant withstand strong winds without tearing. Young plants often have no holes at all. The holes only appear when the plant is mature enough and gets enough light.
If you have a young plant, it might be impossible to tell the difference by leaves alone. That is why you must check the stem. A young Monstera adansonii will still have smooth stems. A young philodendron will still have that rough texture.
Another difference is the shape of the holes. Monstera holes are usually closed, meaning they are completely surrounded by leaf tissue. Philodendron holes are often open, meaning they connect to the edge of the leaf, creating a split or a deep notch. This is not always true, but it is a good rule of thumb.
Root Systems And Potting Needs
Both plants like well-draining soil, but their roots behave differently. Monstera adansonii has a more aggressive root system. It fills pots quickly and needs repotting more often. The roots are thicker and more fleshy.
Philodendron swiss cheese has a more moderate root system. It is happy to stay in the same pot for a longer time. This makes it a lower-maintenance option for beginners. If you are the type of person who forgets to repot, the philodendron is more forgiving.
When you water, both plants like to dry out slightly between waterings. However, the philodendron can tolerate a bit more neglect. The monstera will drop leaves if it stays too dry for too long.
Light Requirements And Placement
Both plants need bright, indirect light to thrive. They will burn in direct afternoon sun. However, the philodendron swiss cheese is slightly more tolerant of lower light conditions. It will still grow, just slower. The Monstera adansonii is more demanding. If it does not get enough light, the new leaves will not develop holes. They will come in solid and small.
For the best results, place either plant near an east-facing window. A north-facing window can work, but growth will be slow. If you only have a south or west window, use a sheer curtain to filter the light.
- Low light: Philodendron survives, Monstera struggles.
- Bright indirect light: Both thrive and produce holes.
- Direct sun: Both will scorch.
Watering And Humidity Needs
These are tropical plants, so they love humidity. A bathroom or kitchen is ideal. If your home is dry, you should use a humidifier or a pebble tray. Brown, crispy edges on the leaves are a sign of low humidity.
Watering is where people often make mistakes. Overwatering is the number one killer. Both plants hate soggy soil. You should water thoroughly, then let the top two inches of soil dry out before watering again. In the winter, you will water much less.
The philodendron is more drought-tolerant. If you go on vacation for two weeks, it will be fine. The monstera will look sad and wilted. It will recover after a drink, but it will drop a few lower leaves.
Propagation Differences
Both plants are easy to propagate from cuttings. You just need a node and a leaf. However, the success rate and speed are different. Monstera adansonii roots very quickly in water. You will see roots in about a week. Philodendron swiss cheese also roots in water, but it can take a bit longer.
- Cut a stem below a node with clean scissors.
- Remove the bottom leaf.
- Place the cutting in a jar of water.
- Change the water every few days.
- Plant in soil once roots are 2-3 inches long.
Monstera cuttings are more likely to grow multiple new vines from one cutting. Philodendron cuttings usually grow a single new shoot. This is not a big deal, but it affects how full your plant looks over time.
Common Pests And Problems
Both plants face the same pests: spider mites, mealybugs, and scale. You should inspect the undersides of the leaves regularly. If you see webbing or tiny white cottony spots, treat immediately with insecticidal soap.
The philodendron swiss cheese is generally more resistant to pests. It has thicker leaves that are harder for mites to bite into. The monstera is more susceptible, especially if the air is dry. A regular misting routine can help prevent infestations.
Yellow leaves are a common issue for both. This usually means overwatering. If the leaves are yellow and mushy, you have root rot. You need to repot the plant in fresh, dry soil and cut away any black, rotten roots.
Which One Should You Choose?
Your choice depends on your lifestyle and your space. If you want a trailing plant for a shelf or a hanging basket, go with the Monstera adansonii. It grows fast and looks stunning cascading down. It is also a great choice if you want to propagate a lot of cuttings to share with friends.
If you want a bushier, more compact plant that is forgiving, choose the philodendron swiss cheese. It is perfect for a desk or a side table. It does not need as much attention, and it will tolerate a wider range of conditions.
Both plants are beautiful and will add a tropical vibe to your home. You really cannot go wrong. Just make sure you know which one you are buying, because nurseries often mislabel them.
Final Identification Checklist
Use this quick checklist when you are at the store or looking at your own plant.
- Stem feels smooth? It is a Monstera adansonii.
- Stem feels rough or scaly? It is a Philodendron.
- Leaves are thin and matte? Monstera.
- Leaves are thick and glossy? Philodendron.
- Holes are long and reach the edge? Monstera.
- Holes are round and stay inside? Philodendron.
- Plant trails and vines aggressively? Monstera.
- Plant stays compact and bushy? Philodendron.
Once you check the stem, you will never confuse them again. It is the single most reliable feature. The leaves can vary a lot depending on the age of the plant and the light it receives. The stem does not lie.
Care Tips For Both Plants
Here are some general care tips that work for both species. They are not difficult plants, but they do have specific needs.
- Use a chunky, well-aerated potting mix with orchid bark and perlite.
- Water only when the topsoil is dry to the touch.
- Provide a moss pole or trellis for support.
- Fertilize monthly during the growing season with a balanced liquid fertilizer.
- Keep them away from cold drafts and air conditioning vents.
- Wipe the leaves with a damp cloth to remove dust.
If you follow these tips, your plant will reward you with large, beautiful leaves. The holes will become more pronounced as the plant matures. It is very satisfying to watch a new leaf unfurl and see those fenestrations develop.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Monstera adansonii the same as a philodendron?
No. They are from different plant families. Monstera is a Monstera, and philodendron is a philodendron. They are distantly related but not the same.
Why is my Monstera adansonii not getting holes?
It is probably not getting enough light. Move it to a brighter location. Young plants also take time to develop fenestrations. Be patient.
Can I grow both plants in water permanently?
You can, but they will not grow as large. Water does not provide the nutrients and support that soil does. It is better to transfer them to soil after rooting.
Which plant is rarer, philodendron swiss cheese or monstera adansonii?
Monstera adansonii is more widely available and often cheaper. The philodendron swiss cheese, depending on the exact cultivar, can be rarer and more expensive.
Are these plants toxic to pets?
Yes, both are toxic to cats and dogs if ingested. They contain calcium oxalate crystals, which cause mouth irritation and swelling. Keep them out of reach.
Now you have all the information you need. The next time you see a plant with holes, you will know exactly what it is. Whether you choose the trailing monstera or the compact philodendron, you are getting a fantastic plant. Enjoy watching it grow and develop those unique, holey leaves. It is a rewarding experience for any plant lover.