This fern’s leathery, strap-shaped leaves remain green through winter in sheltered garden spots. The harts tongue fern is one of the most distinctive and easy-to-grow ferns you can add to a shady border or woodland garden. Unlike most ferns with feathery fronds, this plant offers bold, undivided foliage that brings a unique texture to the landscape.
You might be wondering why this plant is so popular among gardeners. It is tough, evergreen, and thrives in conditions where many other plants struggle. Let’s look at everything you need to know about growing and caring for this remarkable species.
What Is The Harts Tongue Fern?
The harts tongue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium) is a native European fern that also grows in parts of North America. Its common name comes from the shape of its fronds, which supposedly resemble a deer’s tongue. The leaves are glossy, dark green, and can grow up to 40-60 cm long.
This fern is an evergreen perennial. It forms a neat rosette of arching leaves. In the wild, it often grows on limestone walls, in hedgerows, and on shady banks. It prefers alkaline to neutral soils, but it is more adaptable than many guides suggest.
Key Characteristics
- Evergreen foliage that provides winter interest
- Leathery, strap-shaped fronds with wavy edges
- Grows well in deep shade and partial shade
- Forms a clump that slowly expands over time
- Hardy in USDA zones 4 through 8
- Prefers moist but well-drained soil conditions
How To Plant Harts Tongue Fern
Planting this fern is straightforward. The most important factor is choosing the right location. Once established, it requires very little attention.
Choosing The Right Location
You need to find a spot that mimics its natural habitat. This means shade, shelter, and moisture. Direct sunlight will scorch the leaves, especially in the afternoon.
- Light: Full shade to partial shade. Morning sun is okay, but avoid harsh afternoon light.
- Soil: Rich, humusy soil that retains moisture. Add leaf mold or compost before planting.
- Drainage: The soil must be well-drained. This fern hates waterlogged roots, especially in winter.
- Shelter: Protect from strong, cold winds which can damage the evergreen fronds.
Step-By-Step Planting Guide
- Dig a hole that is twice the width of the root ball.
- Mix the excavated soil with well-rotted compost or leaf mold.
- Place the fern in the hole so the crown is level with the soil surface.
- Backfill the hole and firm the soil gently around the roots.
- Water thoroughly after planting to settle the soil.
- Mulch around the base with bark or compost to retain moisture.
Spacing is important. Plant each fern about 30-45 cm apart. This gives them room to spread without overcrowding. They look great when planted in groups under trees or along a north-facing wall.
Harts Tongue Fern Care And Maintenance
Once planted, the harts tongue fern is a low-maintenance plant. However, a little care goes a long way in keeping it looking its best. The main things to watch are watering, feeding, and tidying up old fronds.
Watering Requirements
Consistent moisture is key. The soil should never dry out completely. However, you should also avoid making it soggy. During the first growing season, water regularly to help the plant establish roots.
- Water deeply once a week during dry spells.
- Check the soil moisture with your finger. If the top inch is dry, it is time to water.
- Reduce watering in autumn and winter when the plant is dormant.
- Mulch annually to help the soil retain moisture.
Feeding And Soil Improvement
This fern is not a heavy feeder. In fact, too much fertilizer can burn the roots. A top dressing of organic matter each spring is usually enough.
In spring, spread a layer of compost or well-rotted manure around the base. Do not dig it in. The worms will incorporate it into the soil naturally. This mimics the leaf litter that falls on the forest floor.
Pruning And Tidying
You do not need to prune this fern. However, old fronds can look tatty by late winter. You can remove them to make way for new growth.
- In late winter or early spring, inspect the plant for damaged fronds.
- Cut any brown or damaged leaves at the base with sharp scissors.
- Remove any fallen leaves or debris from the center of the rosette.
- New fronds will emerge from the center as the weather warms.
Be careful when tidying up. The new fiddleheads are fragile. Wait until you see new growth starting before you remove the old leaves.
Propagation Methods
If you want more plants, you have two main options. You can divide established clumps or grow them from spores. Division is easier and gives quicker results.
Dividing Established Plants
The best time to divide is in spring, just as new growth begins. This gives the divided plants a full season to establish.
- Dig up the entire clump with a garden fork.
- Shake off excess soil so you can see the root structure.
- Use a sharp knife to cut the root ball into sections.
- Ensure each section has several healthy fronds and roots.
- Replant the divisions immediately at the same depth.
- Water well and keep them shaded for a few weeks.
Growing From Spores
Growing ferns from spores is a fascinating process, but it takes patience. Spores are the tiny dots on the underside of the fronds. They are not seeds.
- Collect a frond with ripe spores in late summer.
- Place the frond in a paper bag and let it dry.
- Sow the spores on the surface of moist compost.
- Cover the pot with a clear plastic bag to keep humidity high.
- Keep the pot in a warm, bright spot out of direct sun.
- Germination can take several weeks or months.
This method is rewarding but slow. Most gardeners stick to division for practical reasons. It is faster and produces larger plants immediately.
Common Problems And Solutions
The harts tongue fern is generally pest-free. However, there are a few issues you might encounter. Most are easy to fix once you know what to look for.
Brown Or Scorched Leaf Edges
This is the most common problem. It is usually caused by too much sun or dry air. The leaf edges turn brown and crispy.
- Move the plant to a shadier location.
- Water more frequently during hot weather.
- Increase humidity by misting the leaves.
- Check that the soil is not drying out too quickly.
Slugs And Snails
These pests can damage young fronds in spring. They chew irregular holes in the leaves. This is rarely fatal, but it looks unsightly.
- Handpick slugs and snails in the evening.
- Use an organic slug pellet around the plant.
- Create a barrier with crushed eggshells or grit.
- Encourage natural predators like frogs and birds.
Yellowing Leaves
Yellow leaves usually indicate a problem with watering. It could be too much or too little water. Check the soil moisture first.
If the soil is soggy, you are overwatering. If it is bone dry, you are underwatering. Adjust your routine accordingly. Yellowing can also happen if the plant is in a spot that is too dark.
Landscaping Ideas With Harts Tongue Fern
This fern is incredibly versatile in the garden. Its bold, architectural leaves make it a great focal point. It also works well as a ground cover in shaded areas.
Woodland Gardens
Plant it under deciduous trees where it gets dappled light. It pairs beautifully with other shade lovers. Combine it with hostas, bleeding hearts, and wild ginger for a lush look.
Rock Gardens And Walls
In the wild, this fern grows on limestone rocks. You can replicate this in your garden. Plant it in crevices of a shady rock wall or between paving stones. It will create a natural, aged look.
Container Planting
The harts tongue fern grows well in pots. This is perfect for patios or balconies with shade. Use a pot with good drainage and a peat-free compost mix.
- Choose a pot that is wider than it is deep.
- Use a mix of loam-based compost and leaf mold.
- Keep the pot in a sheltered, shady spot.
- Repot every 2-3 years to refresh the soil.
You can also use it as an indoor plant. It thrives in a bright bathroom or kitchen where humidity is high. Just keep it away from direct sunlight and radiators.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is The Harts Tongue Fern Evergreen?
Yes, it is evergreen. The fronds stay green throughout the winter. However, they can look a bit tired by late winter. You can cut them back in early spring to encourage fresh growth.
Can Harts Tongue Fern Grow In Full Sun?
No, it prefers shade. Full sun will scorch the leaves and cause them to turn brown. It is best suited to north or east-facing positions. If you have a sunny spot, choose a different fern variety.
Why Are The Leaves On My Fern Curling?
Curling leaves are usually a sign of stress. This is often caused by dry air or lack of water. Check the soil moisture and increase humidity around the plant. It should recover once conditions improve.
Is The Harts Tongue Fern Poisonous To Pets?
No, this fern is not considered toxic to cats or dogs. It is safe to grow in gardens where pets roam. However, it is always best to prevent pets from chewing on any ornamental plants.
How Fast Does The Harts Tongue Fern Grow?
It is a slow to moderate grower. A young plant will take a few years to reach its full size. It spreads slowly via short rhizomes, forming a neat clump over time. It is not an invasive plant.
Final Thoughts On Growing This Fern
The harts tongue fern is a fantastic choice for shady gardens. It offers year-round structure and a unique leaf shape that stands out. It is tough, reliable, and requires minimal fuss once established.
Whether you plant it in the ground or in a pot, it will reward you with glossy green foliage. Just remember to give it shade, moisture, and shelter. Do that, and it will thrive for many years.
You can use it to fill tricky bare spots under trees. You can also plant it along a north-facing wall where little else grows. It is a forgiving plant that looks great in both formal and naturalistic settings.
So, if you have a shady corner that needs attention, consider this fern. It is a classic plant that has been loved by gardeners for centuries. Its simple beauty and easy nature make it a must-have for any shade garden.
Take the time to prepare the soil well and water it during dry periods. Your harts tongue fern will become a permanent and cherished part of your landscape. It is a plant that truly earns its place in the garden.
Remember to mulch around the base each year. This keeps the roots cool and moist. It also feeds the soil as it breaks down. A little effort goes a long way with this resilient fern.
I hope this guide has given you the confidence to grow this wonderful plant. It is a rewarding species that adds a touch of the wild to any garden. Enjoy watching it unfurl its elegant fronds each spring.
With the right conditions, you will have a healthy, vibrant clump in no time. The harts tongue fern is a true garden gem that deserves a place in every shady border.