Pennsylvania gardeners often find that herbs like parsley and mint thrive in the state’s variable climate. If you are looking for the best herbs to grow in pennsylvania, you need plants that can handle cold winters, humid summers, and everything in between. This guide covers the top herbs that actually survive and produce well in your backyard or patio.
You do not need a green thumb to succeed. Many herbs are tough, forgiving, and perfect for beginners. Let us walk through the best options for Pennsylvania’s unique growing zones.
Understanding Pennsylvania’s Growing Conditions
Pennsylvania spans USDA hardiness zones 5a to 7b. That means winters can drop to -20°F in the north and stay milder near Philadelphia. Summers are warm and humid, with plenty of rain.
Most herbs prefer full sun, meaning at least six hours of direct light daily. Well-drained soil is critical because wet roots rot fast. If your soil is heavy clay, consider raised beds or containers.
Spring planting starts after the last frost, usually mid-May. Fall planting works for perennials like chives and oregano. You can also start seeds indoors in March for a head start.
Best Herbs To Grow In Pennsylvania
Here are the top herbs that perform well across the state. Each one has specific tips for success in Pennsylvania’s climate.
Parsley
Parsley is a biennial, meaning it lives two years. In Pennsylvania, it often survives winter with mulch. It prefers cool weather and partial shade in hot summers.
- Plant seeds directly in spring after frost danger passes.
- Soak seeds overnight to speed germination.
- Harvest outer leaves first to encourage new growth.
- It attracts swallowtail butterfly caterpillars, so plant extra.
Mint
Mint is invasive but perfect for Pennsylvania’s moist summers. It spreads quickly, so grow it in a container or buried pot to control it.
- Prefers partial shade and consistently moist soil.
- Cut back after flowering to keep leaves tender.
- Spearmint and peppermint both do well here.
- Use fresh for teas, salads, and cocktails.
Chives
Chives are hardy perennials that return every year. They tolerate cold winters and dry spells. The purple flowers are edible and attract bees.
- Plant divisions or seeds in spring or fall.
- Divide clumps every three years to keep them productive.
- Harvest by snipping leaves at the base.
- They grow well in containers on a sunny deck.
Oregano
Oregano is a Mediterranean herb that loves heat and poor soil. It survives Pennsylvania winters with good drainage. Greek oregano has the best flavor.
- Plant in full sun after the last frost.
- Water sparingly once established.
- Cut back in fall to prevent winter rot.
- Harvest just before flowering for peak flavor.
Thyme
Thyme is a low-growing perennial that thrives in rocky, dry soil. It handles Pennsylvania’s humidity better than many herbs. Common thyme and lemon thyme are both excellent.
- Start from transplants, not seeds, for faster growth.
- Space plants 12 inches apart in well-drained soil.
- Prune after flowering to keep plants compact.
- It is drought-tolerant once established.
Sage
Sage is a woody perennial that needs full sun and sharp drainage. In Pennsylvania, it can suffer in wet clay. Raised beds or sandy soil work best.
- Plant in spring after soil warms.
- Replace plants every three to four years.
- Harvest leaves before the plant flowers.
- Common sage and purple sage are both reliable.
Rosemary
Rosemary is tender in Pennsylvania winters. It usually dies if left outside. Grow it in a pot and bring it indoors before the first frost.
- Use a container with drainage holes.
- Place in full sun outdoors, then a bright window inside.
- Water only when the soil feels dry.
- Arp rosemary is a hardier variety that may survive mild winters.
Basil
Basil is an annual that loves heat. Plant it after the soil reaches 70°F. Pennsylvania’s warm summers are perfect for it.
- Start seeds indoors six weeks before last frost.
- Pinch off flower buds to keep leaves growing.
- Harvest from the top down to encourage branching.
- Sweet basil and Genovese basil are top choices.
Dill
Dill is an annual that self-seeds easily. It prefers cool weather and bolts quickly in heat. Plant successive crops every three weeks for a steady supply.
- Sow seeds directly in the garden in spring.
- Thin seedlings to 12 inches apart.
- Let some plants go to seed for next year.
- It attracts beneficial insects like ladybugs.
Cilantro
Cilantro bolts fast in hot weather. In Pennsylvania, plant it in early spring or late summer for fall harvest. The seeds are coriander.
- Sow seeds every two weeks for continuous leaves.
- Provide afternoon shade in summer.
- Harvest leaves when plants are six inches tall.
- Let some plants flower for coriander seeds.
Lavender
Lavender is tricky in Pennsylvania due to humidity and wet winters. English lavender varieties like Munstead and Hidcote are most reliable.
- Plant in full sun with excellent drainage.
- Add gravel or sand to heavy soil.
- Mulch with stone, not bark, to keep crowns dry.
- Prune after flowering to maintain shape.
Tarragon
French tarragon is a perennial that adds anise flavor. It needs well-drained soil and full sun. It rarely sets seed, so buy plants.
- Plant divisions in spring after frost.
- Divide every two years to prevent crowding.
- Harvest leaves fresh for the best flavor.
- It overwinters well with a light mulch.
Planting Tips For Pennsylvania Gardens
Start with healthy transplants from a local nursery. They are already acclimated to your area. Seeds are cheaper but take longer.
Prepare your soil by removing weeds and adding compost. Most herbs prefer a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Test your soil if you are unsure.
Water deeply but infrequently to encourage deep roots. Mulch around plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Use straw or shredded leaves.
Fertilize lightly. Herbs do not need much nitrogen. Too much makes leaves less flavorful. A balanced organic fertilizer once in spring is enough.
Container Growing
If you have limited space, grow herbs in pots. Use containers at least 8 inches deep with drainage holes. Fill with a quality potting mix.
- Place pots where they get six hours of sun.
- Water more often than in-ground plants.
- Bring tender herbs indoors before frost.
- Group pots together to create a microclimate.
Overwintering Perennials
Most perennial herbs need protection in Pennsylvania. Apply a thick layer of mulch after the ground freezes. This prevents heaving from freeze-thaw cycles.
Cut back dead stems in late fall. Do not prune evergreens like rosemary until spring. Cover tender plants with row covers or burlap if a hard freeze is forecast.
Common Pests And Problems
Herbs are generally pest-resistant, but a few issues pop up. Aphids attack new growth. Spray them off with water or use insecticidal soap.
Slugs and snails love moist conditions. Hand-pick them at night or set out beer traps. Diatomaceous earth also works.
Powdery mildew appears in humid weather. Space plants for airflow and avoid overhead watering. Remove affected leaves promptly.
Root rot happens in heavy, wet soil. Improve drainage with raised beds or containers. Do not overwater.
Harvesting And Storing Herbs
Harvest in the morning after dew dries. This is when essential oils are strongest. Use sharp scissors or pruners to avoid damaging plants.
Take no more than one-third of the plant at a time. Regular harvesting encourages bushier growth. Stop harvesting perennials six weeks before the first frost.
Store fresh herbs in a glass of water on the counter, like cut flowers. Refrigerate hardy herbs like parsley in a damp paper towel inside a bag.
Dry herbs by hanging bundles upside down in a dark, airy space. Crumble leaves into jars once fully dry. Freeze herbs in ice cube trays with water or oil for later use.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the easiest herbs to grow in Pennsylvania?
Parsley, mint, chives, and oregano are the easiest. They tolerate cold winters and need little care. Start with these if you are new to gardening.
Can I grow herbs indoors in Pennsylvania?
Yes, you can grow basil, chives, and mint on a sunny windowsill. Use grow lights if natural light is low. Keep temperatures between 60 and 70°F.
When should I plant herbs in Pennsylvania?
Plant hardy perennials like chives and oregano in spring or fall. Plant tender annuals like basil after the last frost, usually mid-May. Check your local frost dates.
Do herbs need full sun in Pennsylvania?
Most herbs need at least six hours of sun daily. Mint and parsley tolerate partial shade. Lavender and rosemary need full sun to thrive.
How do I protect herbs from Pennsylvania winters?
Mulch perennials with straw or leaves after the ground freezes. Bring tender herbs like rosemary indoors. Use row covers for unexpected cold snaps.
Final Thoughts On Growing Herbs In Pennsylvania
Choosing the right herbs for your location makes all the difference. Stick with varieties that match your yard’s sun and soil. Start small and expand as you learn.
Pennsylvania’s climate is actually great for many herbs. The cold winters kill off pests, and the warm summers boost growth. With a little planning, you can have fresh herbs from spring through fall.
Remember to water wisely, harvest often, and enjoy the process. Your garden will reward you with flavor and fragrance all season long.