Missouri’s temperate conditions make early spring the top choice for chicory, though fall planting also works well. Knowing the best time to plant chicory in missouri is key to getting a strong stand. Chicory is a hardy perennial that thrives in Missouri’s climate, but timing matters for root development and winter survival.
This guide covers everything you need to know about planting chicory in Missouri. You will learn the ideal planting windows, soil prep, and care tips. Let’s get started.
Best Time To Plant Chicory In Missouri
The absolute best time to plant chicory in Missouri is early spring, typically from mid-March to mid-April. This timing allows the seeds to germinate in cool, moist soil. Chicory seeds need soil temperatures around 45-55°F to sprout well.
Fall planting is a strong second option. You can plant from late August to early October. This gives the plants time to establish before winter dormancy. Fall-planted chicory often has deeper roots by spring.
Why Early Spring Works Best
Missouri’s spring weather is ideal for chicory. The soil is warming up but not too hot. Rain is usually plentiful, reducing the need for irrigation. Early planting also helps chicory compete with summer weeds.
- Soil temps between 45-55°F
- Consistent spring rainfall
- Less weed pressure early on
- Strong root system before summer heat
Fall Planting Considerations
Fall planting works if you miss the spring window. The key is to plant at least 6-8 weeks before the first hard frost. In Missouri, that means planting by early October in most regions.
Fall-planted chicory may not flower until the following year. But the roots will be well-developed. This can lead to a more vigorous plant in the second growing season.
- Check your local first frost date
- Count back 8 weeks for planting
- Ensure soil moisture is adequate
- Use a light mulch if needed
Understanding Chicory In Missouri’s Climate
Chicory is a tough plant. It tolerates Missouri’s hot summers and cold winters. But it does best when planted at the right time. The plant is a perennial, meaning it comes back year after year.
Chicory is often used for forage, wildlife plots, or as a leafy green. In Missouri, it is popular for deer food plots. It also works well in pasture mixes.
Chicory Growth Cycle
Chicory grows from a taproot. In the first year, it forms a rosette of leaves. It may flower in the second year. The flowers are blue and attract pollinators.
Understanding this cycle helps you plan. Spring planting gives the plant a full growing season. Fall planting lets it establish roots without the stress of summer heat.
Soil Requirements For Chicory
Chicory prefers well-drained soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. It can tolerate poor soil but does best in fertile loam. In Missouri, many soils are clay-based, so adding organic matter helps.
- Test soil pH before planting
- Add lime if pH is below 5.5
- Incorporate compost or aged manure
- Ensure good drainage
Step-By-Step Planting Guide For Missouri
Follow these steps for successful chicory planting. Whether you choose spring or fall, the process is similar. Preparation is the most important part.
Step 1: Choose The Right Variety
Not all chicory varieties are the same. For Missouri, choose varieties like ‘Puna’ or ‘Forage Feast’. These are bred for persistence and leaf production. They handle Missouri’s climate well.
Step 2: Prepare The Seedbed
Chicory seeds are small. They need a fine, firm seedbed. Till the soil to a depth of 4-6 inches. Remove rocks and debris. Rake the surface smooth.
- Remove existing vegetation
- Till or disk the soil
- Level the surface
- Firm the soil with a roller
Step 3: Plant The Seeds
Plant chicory seeds 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep. Use a seed drill or broadcast by hand. If broadcasting, lightly rake the seeds in. Then roll the area to ensure good seed-to-soil contact.
Seeding rate is about 5-8 pounds per acre for pure stands. For mixes, use 2-4 pounds per acre. Adjust based on your specific use.
Step 4: Water And Wait
After planting, water gently if rain is not expected. Keep the soil moist for 10-14 days until germination. Chicory seeds need consistent moisture to sprout.
Once established, chicory is drought-tolerant. But young plants need regular water. In Missouri’s spring, rain usually provides enough moisture.
Common Mistakes When Planting Chicory In Missouri
Even experienced gardeners make mistakes. Here are common errors to avoid. These can save you time and frustration.
Planting Too Deep
Chicory seeds are small. Planting them too deep prevents germination. Always plant at 1/4 to 1/2 inch depth. Deeper than that, and they may not emerge.
Planting In Hot Weather
Summer planting is risky. Hot soil and dry conditions stress young plants. Stick to spring or fall for best results. If you must plant in summer, irrigate heavily.
Ignoring Soil PH
Chicory is not extremely picky, but pH matters. Soil that is too acidic or alkaline limits growth. Test your soil and amend as needed. Lime is often required in Missouri.
Chicory For Wildlife Plots In Missouri
Many Missouri landowners plant chicory for deer and turkey. It is highly palatable and nutritious. Deer prefer it over many other forages.
For wildlife plots, plant chicory in a mix with clover or alfalfa. This provides variety and extends the grazing season. Chicory is especially valuable in late summer when other plants go dormant.
Planting Dates For Wildlife Plots
For deer plots, spring planting from March to April works best. Fall planting from August to September is also good. The key is to have green growth during hunting season.
- Spring: March 15 – April 15
- Fall: August 15 – September 30
- Adjust for your region in Missouri
Maintenance Tips For Food Plots
Chicory in food plots needs occasional mowing. This keeps it leafy and tender. Mow to 4-6 inches after flowering or when it gets too tall.
Fertilize in early spring with a balanced fertilizer. Use about 200-300 pounds per acre of 10-10-10. This boosts leaf production.
Harvesting And Using Chicory
Chicory leaves can be harvested as greens. They have a slightly bitter taste. Young leaves are milder. Harvest before the plant flowers for best flavor.
The roots can be roasted and used as a coffee substitute. This is a traditional use. In Missouri, some gardeners grow chicory specifically for this purpose.
When To Harvest Leaves
Harvest leaves when they are 6-8 inches long. Cut the outer leaves, leaving the center to grow. You can harvest multiple times in a season.
For the best flavor, harvest in cool weather. Heat makes the leaves more bitter. Spring and fall harvests are ideal.
Harvesting Roots
Dig roots in the fall of the second year. The roots should be 6-12 inches long. Wash them thoroughly. Then roast them at 250°F until dry and dark.
Grind the roasted roots and use them like coffee. It is caffeine-free and has a rich flavor. This is a fun project for home gardeners.
Chicory In Pasture Mixes
Chicory is also used in pasture mixes for livestock. It is high in minerals and protein. Sheep and cattle graze it readily.
In Missouri, chicory can be part of a diverse pasture. It pairs well with grasses like fescue or orchardgrass. It also helps reduce internal parasites in livestock.
Planting Chicory In Pastures
When planting in pastures, use a lower seeding rate. About 2-4 pounds per acre is enough. Mix it with clover and grass seeds for best results.
Spring planting is preferred for pastures. This gives chicory time to establish before grazing. Avoid grazing until plants are 8-10 inches tall.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I plant chicory in summer in Missouri?
It is not recommended. Summer heat and dry soil make germination difficult. If you must plant, irrigate regularly and plant in early June.
How long does chicory take to grow from seed?
Chicory germinates in 10-14 days under good conditions. It grows slowly at first. By 6-8 weeks, it forms a rosette of leaves.
Does chicory come back every year in Missouri?
Yes, chicory is a perennial. It will come back for 3-5 years or more. Proper management extends its life.
What is the best chicory variety for Missouri?
‘Puna’ and ‘Forage Feast’ are top choices. They are bred for persistence and leaf production. They handle Missouri’s climate well.
Can I plant chicory in a garden?
Yes, chicory grows well in gardens. Plant it in a sunny spot with well-drained soil. It can be used as a leafy green or ornamental.
Final Tips For Success
Planting chicory at the right time is half the battle. The best time to plant chicory in missouri is early spring, but fall is a good backup. Prepare your soil well and keep it moist during germination.
Chicory is a forgiving plant. Even if you make a mistake, it often survives. With a little care, you will have a productive stand for years. Enjoy the blue flowers and the benefits this plant brings.
Remember to test your soil first. Adjust pH and fertility as needed. Then choose your planting window based on your goals. Whether for wildlife, livestock, or your table, chicory is a great addition to Missouri landscapes.
If you have more questions, consult your local extension office. They can provide specific advice for your county. Happy planting!