Herbs moved outdoors need nighttime temperatures that stay reliably above 50 degrees. Knowing exactly when to plant herbs outdoors can be the difference between a lush harvest and a disappointing, stunted patch. Many gardeners rush the season, only to see their basil or cilantro turn black after a late frost. This guide walks you through the exact timing, the best herbs for each season, and the simple steps to get it right.
You don’t need a green thumb to succeed. You just need to match the herb to the weather. Let’s break it down so you can plant with confidence.
When To Plant Herbs Outdoors
The short answer is: it depends on the herb. Some love the heat, while others thrive in cool spring soil. The general rule for tender herbs like basil, dill, and rosemary is to wait until all frost danger has passed and the soil has warmed to at least 60°F. For hardy herbs like parsley, chives, and mint, you can plant them 2 to 4 weeks before your last expected frost date.
Your local frost dates are the most important numbers to know. Check your USDA hardiness zone and look up the average last spring frost date for your area. This is your starting point. For tender herbs, add two weeks after that date. For hardy herbs, subtract two weeks.
Understanding Your Local Climate
Your zip code matters more than a calendar date. A gardener in Florida plants herbs outdoors in March, while someone in Minnesota waits until late May. The keyword “when to plant herbs outdoors” is not a one-size-fits-all answer.
Use these steps to find your personal planting window:
- Find your last spring frost date online (search “last frost date [your city]”).
- Check your soil temperature with a simple soil thermometer.
- Watch the 10-day weather forecast for any cold snaps.
Soil temperature is even more reliable than air temperature. Most herbs need soil at least 55°F to germinate or transplant well. Basil and peppers (yes, some herbs are tender perennials) need 65°F or higher.
Hardy Herbs: Plant Early
These herbs can handle a light frost. They are your best bet for early spring planting. They actually prefer cooler weather and may bolt (go to seed) in summer heat.
- Parsley
- Chives
- Mint (be careful, it spreads aggressively)
- Oregano
- Sage
- Thyme
- Cilantro (coriander)
- Lemon balm
Plant these 2 to 4 weeks before your last frost date. If a late frost is forecast, cover them with a row cover or an old bedsheet. They will usually bounce back from a light freeze.
Step-by-Step for Hardy Herbs
- Prepare your garden bed or containers with well-draining soil.
- Sow seeds directly or transplant seedlings from indoors.
- Water gently after planting.
- Cover if temperatures dip below 28°F.
- Thin seedlings once they have two sets of true leaves.
Tender Herbs: Wait For Warmth
These herbs are sensitive to cold. They will die if exposed to frost or prolonged temperatures below 50°F. Do not rush them.
- Basil
- Rosemary (some varieties are hardier, but most are tender)
- Dill
- Fennel
- Lavender
- Summer savory
- Marjoram
- Lemongrass
Plant these at least 1 to 2 weeks after your last frost date. Wait until nighttime temperatures are consistently above 55°F. Basil is especially fussy—it will turn black and die if temps drop below 50°F.
Step-by-Step for Tender Herbs
- Harden off seedlings over 7–10 days by placing them outside for a few hours each day.
- Choose a sunny spot with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight.
- Dig a hole twice the size of the root ball.
- Plant at the same depth as the container.
- Water deeply after planting.
- Mulch around the base to keep soil warm and moist.
Best Time To Plant Herbs By Season
Spring is the most popular time, but you can also plant in fall for a second harvest. Here is a seasonal breakdown.
Spring Planting (March To May)
This is the main window for most gardeners. Start hardy herbs in early spring, tender herbs in late spring. The soil is warming, and days are getting longer. This is when you will plant the bulk of your herb garden.
- Early spring: chives, parsley, mint, oregano, sage, thyme.
- Late spring: basil, dill, rosemary, lavender, marjoram.
Summer Planting (June To August)
You can still plant herbs in summer, but you must manage heat stress. Choose heat-tolerant varieties like basil, rosemary, and oregano. Plant in the evening or on a cloudy day. Water deeply and often. Avoid planting during a heatwave.
Fall Planting (September To November)
Fall is ideal for planting perennial herbs like thyme, sage, and chives. The cooler weather helps roots establish without the stress of summer heat. Plant at least 6 weeks before the first hard frost. In mild climates, you can even plant cilantro and parsley for a fall harvest.
Factors That Affect Planting Time
Several factors can shift your planting window. Pay attention to these details.
Soil Temperature
Use a soil thermometer. Insert it 2–3 inches deep in the morning. For hardy herbs, wait until soil is at least 50°F. For tender herbs, wait until 60–65°F. Cold soil can cause seeds to rot or seedlings to grow slowly.
Frost Dates
Your last spring frost date is the average date of the last frost in your area. It is not a guarantee. Always check the 10-day forecast before planting tender herbs. A rogue frost can happen after the average date.
Microclimates
Your garden may have warmer or cooler spots. South-facing walls absorb heat and create a warmer microclimate. Low spots collect cold air and frost. Plant tender herbs in the warmest part of your garden.
Container Vs. Ground Planting
Containers warm up faster than ground soil in spring. You can plant herbs in pots a week or two earlier than in the ground. However, containers also cool down faster at night, so be ready to move them indoors or cover them.
How To Harden Off Seedlings Before Planting
If you started seeds indoors or bought plants from a greenhouse, they need to adjust to outdoor conditions. This process is called hardening off. Skipping it can shock or kill your plants.
- Start 7–10 days before your planned planting date.
- Place seedlings outside in a shaded, sheltered spot for 1–2 hours on day one.
- Increase exposure by 1–2 hours each day.
- After 3 days, introduce them to morning sun.
- After 5 days, leave them out all day (bring in at night if temps drop).
- By day 7–10, they are ready for full sun and overnight stays.
Watch for wilting or sunburn. If leaves turn white or brown, reduce sun exposure and try again slowly.
Common Mistakes When Planting Herbs Outdoors
Even experienced gardeners make these errors. Avoid them for a healthier herb garden.
- Planting too early: This is the number one mistake. Tender herbs die in cold soil.
- Planting too deep: Most herbs have shallow roots. Plant at the same depth as the container.
- Overwatering: Herbs like well-drained soil. Soggy roots rot quickly.
- Ignoring spacing: Crowded herbs compete for light and air. Follow seed packet spacing.
- Not hardening off: Direct sun and wind can kill indoor-grown seedlings in hours.
Best Herbs For Beginners To Plant Outdoors
If you are new to gardening, start with these easy herbs. They are forgiving and grow well in most conditions.
- Basil: Grows fast, loves heat, and is hard to kill once established.
- Mint: Almost impossible to kill, but keep it in a container to control spread.
- Chives: Tolerate neglect, cold, and poor soil.
- Parsley: Slow to start but very reliable.
- Oregano: Thrives in poor soil and full sun.
When To Plant Specific Herbs Outdoors
Here is a quick reference for common herbs. Use these as a general guide, but always check your local conditions.
- Basil: 1–2 weeks after last frost, soil 65°F+.
- Chives: 4 weeks before last frost.
- Cilantro: 2–4 weeks before last frost (or in fall).
- Dill: 1–2 weeks after last frost.
- Lavender: 2 weeks after last frost, soil 60°F+.
- Mint: 4 weeks before last frost (container recommended).
- Oregano: 2–4 weeks before last frost.
- Parsley: 4 weeks before last frost.
- Rosemary: 2 weeks after last frost, soil 65°F+.
- Sage: 2–4 weeks before last frost.
- Thyme: 2–4 weeks before last frost.
How To Protect Herbs From Late Frost
Even with careful planning, a surprise frost can hit. Here is how to protect your plants.
- Cover with row covers, old sheets, or frost blankets. Do not use plastic directly on leaves.
- Water the soil thoroughly before a frost. Wet soil holds heat better than dry soil.
- Move container herbs indoors or into a garage overnight.
- Remove covers in the morning when temperatures rise above freezing.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I plant herbs outdoors in winter?
In most climates, winter is too cold for outdoor planting. However, in USDA zones 9–11, you can plant hardy herbs like parsley and chives in early winter. In colder zones, wait until spring.
What is the best month to plant herbs outdoors?
For most of the US, April and May are the best months. In warmer zones, March works. In colder zones, May to early June is ideal. Always check your local frost dates.
How do I know if my soil is warm enough for herbs?
Use a soil thermometer. Insert it 2–3 inches deep in the morning. For hardy herbs, 50°F is enough. For tender herbs, wait for 60–65°F. If you don’t have a thermometer, wait until the soil feels warm to your hand and no longer cold and wet.
Can I plant herbs outdoors from seeds directly?
Yes, many herbs grow well from direct sowing. Hardy herbs like parsley, dill, and cilantro are easy to sow directly. Tender herbs like basil can also be direct sown after the soil warms. Follow seed packet instructions for depth and spacing.
Should I plant herbs in the ground or in containers?
Both work well. Containers give you control over soil and drainage, and you can move them to protect from frost. Ground planting allows herbs to spread and often yields larger plants. Choose based on your space and climate.
Final Tips For Success
Timing is everything, but so is patience. Wait for the right conditions, and your herbs will reward you with fresh flavors all season. Keep an eye on the weather, water wisely, and don’t be afraid to ask local gardeners for advice. Your herb garden will thrive when you plant at the right time.
Remember, the keyword “when to plant herbs outdoors” is not just a date on a calendar. It is about understanding your garden’s unique rhythm. Watch your soil, watch the sky, and plant with confidence. Your kitchen will thank you.