Maryland gardeners should plan their begonia planting around the last frost date, typically in early May. The best time to plant begonia in maryland is after the soil has warmed and all danger of frost has passed. This timing ensures your begonias thrive through the humid summer months.
Begonias are tender perennials that cannot tolerate cold temperatures. In Maryland’s varied climate, from the coastal plains to the Appalachian foothills, planting too early can kill them. Wait until nighttime temperatures stay above 50°F consistently.
Best Time To Plant Begonia In Maryland
For most of Maryland, the ideal planting window falls between May 1 and May 15. This applies to both tuberous begonias and wax begonias. Gardeners in western Maryland may need to wait until late May due to higher elevations.
Check your local frost dates using the USDA hardiness zone map. Maryland spans zones 6a through 7b. Zone 6a areas, like Garrett County, have a later last frost date around May 20. Zone 7b areas, like the Eastern Shore, can plant as early as April 20.
Understanding Frost Dates In Maryland
Frost dates vary significantly across the state. Here is a breakdown by region:
- Western Maryland (zones 6a-6b): Last frost around May 15-25
- Central Maryland (zones 6b-7a): Last frost around April 25-May 10
- Eastern Shore (zone 7b): Last frost around April 15-25
- Southern Maryland (zone 7a-7b): Last frost around April 20-May 5
Always monitor local weather forecasts. A late frost can occur even after the average date. Keep frost cloth or row covers handy just in case.
Soil Temperature Requirements
Begonias need soil temperatures of at least 60°F to grow well. Cold soil stunts root development and encourages rot. Use a soil thermometer to check before planting.
In Maryland, soil typically reaches 60°F by early May in most regions. Sandy soils warm faster than clay soils. If you have heavy clay, consider raised beds or containers for better drainage and faster warming.
Types Of Begonias For Maryland Gardens
Choose begonia varieties suited to Maryland’s climate. Each type has slightly different planting needs.
Wax Begonias
Wax begonias are the most popular for Maryland gardens. They tolerate full sun to partial shade and bloom from June until frost. Plant them after the last frost date for best results.
These begonias are excellent for borders, containers, and bedding. They require minimal maintenance and handle Maryland’s humidity well.
Tuberous Begonias
Tuberous begonias produce large, showy flowers. They prefer shade and moist soil. In Maryland, plant them in late May after the soil warms fully.
Start tubers indoors 8-10 weeks before the last frost for earlier blooms. This gives them a head start in Maryland’s shorter growing season.
Dragon Wing Begonias
Dragon wing begonias are vigorous growers with angel-wing shaped leaves. They thrive in Maryland’s heat and humidity. Plant them after all frost danger passes, typically mid-May.
These begonias work well in hanging baskets and large containers. They bloom continuously until the first fall frost.
Step-By-Step Planting Guide
Follow these steps for successful begonia planting in Maryland.
- Wait until after your area’s last frost date. Check local forecasts.
- Prepare the soil by adding compost or organic matter. Begonias prefer well-draining soil.
- Choose a location with morning sun and afternoon shade for most varieties.
- Space plants 8-12 inches apart, depending on the variety.
- Dig holes slightly larger than the root ball. Plant at the same depth as the container.
- Water thoroughly after planting. Keep soil moist but not waterlogged.
- Apply a layer of mulch to retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.
Starting Begonias Indoors
For earlier blooms, start begonias indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost. This is especially useful for tuberous begonias in western Maryland.
Use seed starting mix and small pots. Keep the soil warm, around 70°F. Provide bright, indirect light. Harden off plants gradually before moving them outdoors.
Direct Sowing Seeds
Begonia seeds are tiny and slow to germinate. Direct sowing outdoors is not recommended in Maryland. Start seeds indoors 12-16 weeks before the last frost for best results.
Most gardeners prefer buying established seedlings or tubers. This saves time and ensures stronger plants.
Caring For Begonias In Maryland
Proper care extends the blooming season and keeps plants healthy.
Watering Needs
Begonias need consistent moisture but hate wet feet. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. In Maryland’s humid summers, water in the morning to allow foliage to dry before nightfall.
Overwatering causes root rot, especially in clay soils. Use containers with drainage holes if your garden soil is heavy.
Fertilizing Schedule
Feed begonias every 2-4 weeks during the growing season. Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer. Stop fertilizing in late August to prepare plants for dormancy.
Too much nitrogen produces lush leaves but fewer flowers. Choose a fertilizer with higher phosphorus for more blooms.
Deadheading And Pruning
Remove spent flowers regularly to encourage continuous blooming. Pinch back leggy stems to promote bushier growth. This is especially important for wax begonias in Maryland’s long growing season.
For tuberous begonias, remove faded flowers by twisting them off at the base. This prevents seed formation and redirects energy to tubers.
Common Problems In Maryland
Maryland’s climate presents specific challenges for begonias.
Powdery Mildew
Humidity can cause powdery mildew on begonia leaves. Improve air circulation by spacing plants properly. Avoid overhead watering. Use a fungicide if needed.
Choose resistant varieties like ‘Dragon Wing’ or ‘Whopper’ series. These handle Maryland’s humidity better than some others.
Slugs And Snails
These pests love begonias, especially in wet springs. Use organic slug bait or diatomaceous earth around plants. Hand pick them at night for small infestations.
Copper tape around containers also deters slugs. Keep the garden clean of debris where they hide.
Root Rot
Overwatering or poor drainage causes root rot. Plant in raised beds or containers if your soil is clay. Allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings.
If plants wilt despite moist soil, check roots. Remove affected plants and improve drainage before replanting.
Extending The Growing Season
Maryland’s first frost typically arrives in October. You can extend begonia bloom time with simple techniques.
Using Row Covers
Cover plants with frost cloth when temperatures dip near freezing. This protects them from light frosts in early fall. Remove covers during the day for sunlight.
Row covers can add 2-3 weeks to the growing season. This is useful for gardeners in western Maryland with shorter summers.
Overwintering Begonias
Begonias are not winter hardy in Maryland. Dig up tubers before the first hard frost. Store them in a cool, dry place for winter.
For wax begonias, take cuttings in late summer. Root them indoors and keep as houseplants until spring. This saves money on new plants each year.
Regional Considerations In Maryland
Different areas of Maryland require slight adjustments to planting times.
Western Maryland
Gardeners in Garrett and Allegany counties face shorter growing seasons. Plant begonias in late May or early June. Use fast-maturing varieties for best results.
Consider raised beds to warm soil faster. Black plastic mulch also helps heat the soil in cooler areas.
Central Maryland
The Baltimore and Washington DC suburbs have moderate climates. Plant begonias in early May. Most varieties perform well here.
Partial shade is beneficial during July and August heat waves. Morning sun with afternoon shade works best.
Eastern Shore
Coastal areas have milder winters and earlier springs. Plant begonias in late April or early May. Watch for salt spray near the bay.
Choose salt-tolerant varieties like ‘Big Red’ or ‘Rose’ wax begonias. Rinse leaves occasionally if salt accumulates.
Container Planting Tips
Containers offer flexibility for Maryland gardeners. They allow earlier planting since soil warms faster in pots.
Use pots with drainage holes. Fill with high-quality potting mix. Place containers in locations that match the begonia’s light needs.
Water container plants more frequently than garden beds. They dry out faster, especially in Maryland’s summer heat. Check soil moisture daily.
Best Containers For Begonias
Terracotta pots work well but dry out quickly. Plastic or glazed ceramic pots retain moisture longer. Self-watering containers are ideal for busy gardeners.
Choose containers at least 8-10 inches deep for tuberous begonias. Wax begonias can grow in shallower pots, 6-8 inches deep.
Companion Planting With Begonias
Pair begonias with other shade-loving plants for beautiful combinations. In Maryland, consider these companions:
- Impatiens: Similar light and water needs
- Coleus: Colorful foliage contrasts with begonia flowers
- Ferns: Add texture and thrive in shade
- Hostas: Large leaves complement begonia blooms
- Caladiums: Bright foliage for shady spots
Avoid planting begonias near plants that need dry soil, like lavender or succulents. They have different water requirements.
Fertilizer Recommendations
Choose a fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio like 10-10-10 or 5-10-5. Apply every 2-3 weeks during active growth. Reduce feeding in late summer.
Organic options include fish emulsion or compost tea. These provide slow-release nutrients and improve soil health.
For container plants, use a time-release fertilizer at planting time. This simplifies feeding throughout the season.
Pest Control Strategies
Maryland’s pests can damage begonias. Use integrated pest management for best results.
Aphids
These small insects cluster on new growth. Spray them off with water or use insecticidal soap. Ladybugs are natural predators.
Check plants weekly during spring. Early detection prevents large infestations.
Spider Mites
These tiny pests thrive in hot, dry conditions. Increase humidity around plants by misting. Use neem oil for severe cases.
Yellow stippling on leaves indicates spider mite damage. Act quickly to prevent spread.
Harvesting And Storing Tubers
For tuberous begonias, dig up tubers after the first frost kills the foliage. Let them dry for a few days in a warm, airy place.
Remove soil and store in peat moss or vermiculite. Keep at 45-50°F through winter. Check periodically for rot.
Replant tubers the following spring after the last frost. They often produce larger plants in subsequent years.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I Plant Begonias In Maryland In April?
Only in warmer areas like the Eastern Shore. Most of Maryland should wait until May. Check soil temperature before planting.
What Is The Latest Time To Plant Begonias In Maryland?
Plant by mid-July for best results. Later plantings may not establish before fall. Container plants can be planted later than garden beds.
Do Begonias Need Full Sun In Maryland?
Most begonias prefer partial shade. Morning sun with afternoon shade works best. Wax begonias tolerate more sun than tuberous types.
How Deep Should I Plant Begonia Tubers?
Plant tubers with the concave side up, about 1-2 inches deep. Cover with soil and water well. Space them 8-12 inches apart.
Can I Leave Begonias In The Ground Over Winter In Maryland?
No, begonias are not winter hardy in Maryland. Dig up tubers or bring containers indoors before frost. They will not survive freezing temperatures.
Final Tips For Success
Start with healthy plants from reputable sources. Check for pests before buying. Acclimate transplants gradually to outdoor conditions.
Mulch around plants to conserve moisture and suppress weeds. Water deeply but infrequently to encourage deep root growth.
Monitor weather forecasts during spring and fall. Be ready to protect plants from unexpected frosts. With proper timing, your begonias will bloom beautifully from June through October in Maryland.
Remember that the best time to plant begonia in maryland is after the last frost when soil is warm. This simple rule ensures healthy plants and abundant flowers all season long. Happy gardening in the Old Line State.