Ground squirrels respond best to a combination of trapping, habitat modification, and natural deterrents. If you are searching for how to get rid of ground squirrels, you likely have noticed the telltale mounds and tunnels ruining your yard. These persistent rodents can undermine foundations, eat garden crops, and create dangerous tripping hazards.
The good news is that you don’t need to resort to harsh poisons to solve the problem. A strategic plan that targets their behavior and living conditions will yield the best long-term results. In this guide, you will learn the most effective methods to reclaim your property from these furry pests.
Understanding Your Opponent
Before you start any removal plan, you need to know exactly what you are dealing with. Ground squirrels are different from tree squirrels, and they are also different from gophers. They dig extensive burrow systems with multiple entrances, which makes them tricky to evict.
These animals are most active during the day, especially in the morning and late afternoon. They hibernate or estivate during the hottest and coldest parts of the year, depending on your climate. Recognizing their activity patterns helps you time your control methods for maximum effectiveness.
Identifying Ground Squirrel Damage
You will see fan-shaped mounds of dirt at burrow entrances, unlike the plug-like mounds of gophers. The holes are usually 2 to 4 inches in diameter and are not plugged with dirt. You might also notice chewed irrigation lines, missing seedlings, and stripped bark on young trees.
They are social creatures, so a single sighting usually means a whole colony is present. The size of the colony will dictate which removal methods you should prioritize. A small infestation is easier to handle than a large, established network of tunnels.
How To Get Rid Of Ground Squirrels
Now that you have confirmed the culprits, it is time to take action. The most reliable way to reduce the population quickly is through lethal trapping. This method is direct, effective, and allows you to verify the removal of each animal.
Choosing The Right Trap
You have two main options for trapping: box traps and tunnel traps. Box traps are effective because they capture the squirrel alive, allowing for relocation or euthanasia. Tunnel traps are placed directly in the burrow entrance and are designed to kill the squirrel instantly.
- Box Traps: These are easy to bait and safe for pets and birds if used correctly.
- Tunnel Traps: These are more discreet and target the squirrel at its home.
- Multiple Capture Traps: These are useful for large colonies but can be stressful for the animals.
For most homeowners, a sturdy wire box trap is the best starting point. Make sure the trap is large enough to hold a ground squirrel comfortably. A trap that is too small will make the squirrel nervous and less likely to enter.
Baiting Strategies That Work
Ground squirrels are opportunistic eaters, which makes baiting relatively easy. However, they can be wary of new objects in their environment. Place the bait in the trap for several days without setting the trigger mechanism. This allows the squirrels to get used to feeding from the trap safely.
Once they are feeding regularly, set the trap. Use a variety of baits to see what they prefer in your area. Common effective baits include:
- Peanut butter mixed with rolled oats
- Sunflower seeds
- Almonds or walnuts
- Fresh fruits like apple slices or melon
- Commercial rodent bait pastes
Secure the bait to the trigger plate so they cannot steal it without setting off the trap. A common mistake is placing too much bait on the plate, allowing the squirrel to nibble around the edges without triggering the mechanism. Tie the bait down with a piece of string or wire.
Placement Is Critical
Place your traps near active burrow entrances, runways, or areas with fresh digging activity. Avoid placing them in open areas where predators or birds of prey can spot the squirrel. Camouflage the trap with grass or leaves to make it look less conspicuous.
Check your traps frequently, at least once or twice a day. A trapped squirrel can die from stress or exposure if left unattended for too long. If you are using live traps, you must have a plan for what to do with the animal once caught.
Relocating ground squirrels is often illegal and usually results in the animal’s death anyway. They do not survive well in new territories due to competition and lack of shelter. The most humane approach is often to euthanize the animal quickly with a pellet gun or by using a lethal trap.
Habitat Modification To Prevent Reinfestation
Trapping alone will not solve your problem if your yard remains an attractive habitat. You must change the conditions that drew the squirrels to your property in the first place. This is the most important step for long-term control.
Ground squirrels need food, water, and shelter. If you remove these elements, they will move on to a more hospitable location. This process takes time, but it is the most sustainable way to keep them away.
Remove Food Sources
Clean up fallen fruit, nuts, and seeds from your yard immediately. Bird feeders are a major attractant for ground squirrels. Consider removing them entirely or using squirrel-proof feeders that catch the seeds before they hit the ground.
If you have a garden, use fencing to protect your crops. A fence needs to be buried at least 6 inches deep and extend 2 feet above the ground. You can also use floating row covers to protect seedlings until they are established.
Eliminate Shelter And Cover
Ground squirrels prefer areas with tall grass, brush piles, and rock walls. Keep your lawn mowed short and remove any debris that provides cover. Trim back shrubs and bushes to reduce hiding spots.
Stack firewood off the ground and away from buildings. These piles provide excellent shelter for squirrels and other pests. Keep the area around your foundation clear of vegetation to reduce the chances of them burrowing under your home.
Natural Deterrents And Repellents
Many homeowners prefer to try natural deterrents before resorting to lethal methods. While these are rarely 100% effective on their own, they can be useful as part of an integrated approach. They work best when used to protect a specific area, like a garden bed or flower patch.
Plants That Deter Squirrels
Certain plants are known to repel ground squirrels due to their strong scent or texture. Planting these around the perimeter of your yard can create a natural barrier. They are not a guaranteed solution, but they can help.
- Nasturtiums
- Marigolds
- Daffodils
- Fritillarias
- Alliums (onions and garlic)
These plants do not kill squirrels, but they make the environment less appealing. The strong odors can mask the scent of food and make the area feel unsafe. Combine this with other methods for the best results.
Using Predator Urine
Predator urine, such as coyote or fox urine, can be purchased at garden centers. The scent signals danger to the squirrels, triggering a fear response. This can be effective for a short period, but it washes away in the rain and needs to be reapplied frequently.
You can also encourage natural predators to visit your yard. Owls, hawks, and snakes are natural enemies of ground squirrels. Installing a perch pole for hawks or an owl box can help keep the population in check.
Fumigation And Poison Baits
These methods are highly effective but also carry significant risks. They should only be used by experienced professionals or as a last resort. Poison baits can kill pets, wildlife, and even children if not handled properly.
Aluminum Phosphide Fumigation
This is a restricted-use pesticide that is placed in the burrow and reacts with moisture to produce a toxic gas. It is very effective at killing entire colonies at once. However, it is extremely dangerous and requires a license to purchase and apply.
If you choose this route, hire a licensed pest control professional. They have the training and equipment to do the job safely. This method is not suitable for burrows near buildings or utility lines.
Rodenticide Baits
Poison baits are often sold in the form of grain pellets or blocks. These are placed in the burrow entrances. The problem is that squirrels may die in their tunnels, leading to a foul odor that can last for weeks.
There is also the risk of secondary poisoning. If a hawk or owl eats a poisoned squirrel, the predator can also die. Due to these risks, trapping is generally considered the safer and more humane option.
Exclusion And Fencing Techniques
Exclusion is the process of physically blocking squirrels from entering an area. This is a proactive method that works well for protecting specific structures. It is more labor-intensive but provides a permanent solution.
Underground Fencing
To protect a garden or flower bed, you need a fence that goes below the surface. Use 1/4-inch hardware cloth or welded wire mesh. Bury the fence at least 12 inches deep, and bend the bottom edge outward in an “L” shape to prevent digging.
The fence should extend at least 24 inches above the ground. Ground squirrels are not great climbers, but they can climb if motivated. A smooth metal or plastic surface at the top of the fence can deter them.
Protecting Building Foundations
If squirrels are burrowing under a shed, deck, or foundation, you need to seal the gaps. Use heavy-duty wire mesh or concrete to fill any holes. Ensure that the repair is secure and cannot be chewed through.
For sheds, install a skirt of wire mesh around the base, burying it several inches into the ground. This prevents them from digging under the structure. Check the perimeter regularly for new digging attempts.
Monitoring And Maintenance
Getting rid of ground squirrels is not a one-time task. It requires ongoing vigilance to ensure they do not return. The key is to maintain the habitat modifications you have made and to act quickly at the first sign of new activity.
Set up a regular inspection schedule for your property. Walk the perimeter and look for new holes, fresh dirt, or chewed vegetation. The sooner you spot a problem, the easier it will be to manage.
When To Call A Professional
If you have a large infestation or if your efforts have not been successful, it is time to call a professional. They have access to more powerful tools and techniques that are not available to the public. They can also provide a comprehensive assessment of your property.
Professionals can also help with the safe removal of dead animals from walls or tunnels. They can identify entry points you may have missed. Their expertise can save you time and money in the long run.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the fastest way to get rid of ground squirrels?
The fastest way is usually lethal trapping with tunnel traps placed directly in the active burrows. This method does not require the squirrel to be lured above ground. It is efficient and provides immediate results.
Will ground squirrels go away on their own?
No, they will not. If your yard provides food and shelter, they will stay and reproduce. The population will continue to grow until you take action to remove them and change the habitat.
Does Irish Spring soap keep ground squirrels away?
Some people report success using Irish Spring soap shavings as a deterrent. The strong fragrance can be off-putting to squirrels. However, it is not a reliable long-term solution and will not eliminate an established colony.
What smell do ground squirrels hate the most?
Strong odors like garlic, peppermint, and capsaicin (from hot peppers) are known to repel them. Predator urine is also very effective. These are best used as temporary deterrents, not as a primary control method.
Is it legal to relocate ground squirrels?
In many states, it is illegal to relocate wildlife without a permit. Relocated squirrels often die because they cannot find food or shelter in a new territory. It is generally more humane to euthanize them on site.
Dealing with ground squirrels requires patience and persistence. You need to combine trapping with habitat changes to see lasting results. Start with the most effective method—trapping—and work your way through the other strategies.
Remember that no single method is a silver bullet. The key is to use a multi-faceted approach. By removing their food sources, blocking their access, and actively trapping them, you can take back your yard from these destructive rodents.
Stay consistent with your efforts, and do not get discouraged if you do not see immediate results. It takes time to break the cycle of reproduction and habitation. With a solid plan and regular monitoring, you can succsessfully manage the ground squirrel population on your property.
Finally, always prioritize safety. Wear gloves when handling traps and bait. Keep all poisons and traps away from children and pets. If you are unsure about any method, consult with a local extension office or a wildlife control expert. They can offer advice specific to your region and situation.
Take action today. The longer you wait, the more established the colony becomes. Start with the traps and work on making your yard less inviting. You will be rewarded with a safer, healthier, and more beautiful outdoor space. Good luck with your removal efforts.